Conocer el ordenador y todas las funciones que tiene resulta bastante complicado. Además, el usuario suele estar acostumbrado a controlarlo con el ratón en su mano aunque, siempre presente, el teclado también tiene un papel esencial. Con él se teclea para redactar textos, realizar búsquedas o entablar conversaciones con los amigos. Normalmente se le da un uso bastante básico, pero es un dispositivo que esconde una multitud de funciones combinando teclas.
Una serie de trucos y atajos pueden realizar acciones que están ahí y no mucha gente los conoce. No es necesario un teclado especial, o inalámbrico. Cualquier teclado por simple que sea, de portátil incluido, sirve para hacer el trabajo diario más llevadero y facilitar las tareas. Simplemente hay que memorizar una serie de comandos que, del mero uso se terminan utilizando sin apenas esfuerzo.
Hay que pararse un momento para mirarlo, conocer un poco la estructura que tiene y los grupos de teclas que posee. A grandes rasgos, se pueden clasificar en cuatro grupos: las teclas alfanuméricas, las numéricas (con los signos matemáticos y el bloq. num.), las de función (del F1 al F12) y las de control (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, Intro, Tab…) De la combinación de unas con otras se obtienen funciones rápidas que seguro resultan útiles en cualquier contexto, ya sea en el trabajo o en el puro ocio.
Cerrado de ventanas al instante
La combinación Ctrl+W permite al usuario cerrar instantáneamente la ventana en la que está, sin tener que llevar el ratón a al botón ‘X’ de cierre en la ventana. Las cierra en un tiempo rápido, por lo que puede resultar útil cuando se desea cerrar páginas que no se desea que se vean.
Minimizar ventanas
En cambio, si se desea minimizar todas las ventas e ir directos al escritorio, la combinación de la tecla Windows+D será el mejor aliado. Para recuperar la posición previa, es decir, con todas las ventanas abiertas habrá que volver a ejecutar ambas teclas. También se pueden minimizar todas accionando las teclas Windows+M.
Abrir la ventana que se acaba de cerrar
Suele ocurrir bastante a menudo, se está navegando y, sin querer, se cierra la ventana. Para eso, o simplemente volver a lo anterior, existe la combinación de teclas Ctrl+Shift+T. La Shift está en la parte del teclado, suele tener una flecha para arriba o pone ‘Mayús’.
Bloquear equipo
Para abandonar momentáneamente la actividad en el ordenador, y no se quede ningún trabajo abierto y a la vista de todos, la combinación Windows+L bloqueará el ordenador y guardará todo el trabajo. Para volver a la sesión, simplemente se tendrá que activar Ctrl+Alt+Supr. Un atajo que se suele activar durante el uso normal si un programa se bloquea, la computadora no responde o se necesita cambiar una contraseña o cerrar sesión.
Cerrar los programas que estén bloqueados
Para poner fin a todos esos programas que se pueden bloquear cuando se satura el ordenador solo hay que presionar la secuencia Ctrl+Shift+Esc. Con esto, se cerrarán sin tener que acceder al ‘Administrador de tareas’.
Ventanas paralelas
Resulta muy útil para trabajar con dos programas a la vez o dividir la pantalla para comparar textos o realizar transcripciones. Para este proceso solo es necesario abrir dos ventanas y presionar la tecla Windows+> (para que la ventana quede a la derecha) o tecla Windows+< (si se desea que se ubique a la izquierda).
Borrado más rápido
Normalmente, cuando se quiere borrar hay que ir letra a letra, accionando el botón ‘retroceso’. Para eliminar un texto más rápido hay que accionar Ctrl+Delete, una combinación que toma cada palabra como si fuera una letra, pudiendo ir más rápido.
Agrandar el texto con el ‘zoom’
Para acercar un texto o foto para visualizarlo mejor, sea por la causa que sea, solo hay que presionar las teclar Ctrl y + (situada al lado del bloque numérico) para aumentar y las teclas CTRL y para volver al estado normal de pantalla. Existe otra forma para aumentar el tamaño. Se puede usar la lupa, una función que se activa pulsando la tecla Windows y el +, o el –, para regular el tamaño. Para terminar simplemente hay que salir de la aplicación cerrando la ventana en la ‘X’.
Girar la pantalla
Una función que, normalmente, se suele realizar para gastar una broma a algún compañero. Si se acciona Ctrl+Alt+flechas del cursor. La pantalla girará en la dirección de la flecha que se accione.
Captura de pantalla
Si se quiere realizar una fotografía de lo que tiene la pantalla no es necesario sacar el móvil para ello. Simplemente hay que presionar la tecla ‘Print Screen’ (Impr. Pant. en castellano). Parece que no ha sucedido nada pero la imagen queda almacenada en el portapapeles para que se pueda pegar en cualquier programa de edición fotográfica e incluso en un correo electrónico. Si no se desea que la imagen muestre toda la pantalla, pulsando Ctrl mientras que se hace el pantallazo para solo mostrar la ventana en uso.
Enfocar la tabla de tareas
Para acudir a la barra de tareas de la parta baja de la pantalla solo hay que pulsar Windows+T. Se centrará el cursor sobre los distintos elementos (situados al lado del botón de inicio de Windows). Para abrir un elemento, simplemente habrá que pulsar Intro. Una función realmente interesante si el ratón, de repente, deja de funcionar.
Cambiar de pestaña dentro de un navegador
La combinación Ctrl+Tab permite cambiar de pestaña si se tienen varias abiertas en un navegador. En esta misma línea, existe otra función que resulta muy interesante para cambiar de ventanas en activo. Se consigue pulsando Alt+Tab. Además, con Ctrl+F4 se podrán cerrar pestañas internas.
La letra Ctrl
Las más comunes, y que casi todo el mundo conoce, son:
Ctrl+X: Cortar | Ctrl+C: Copiar | Ctrl+V: Pegar | Ctrl+Z: Deshacer
Pero también existen otras que resultan bastante útiles para realizar acciones bastante comunes:
Ctrl+Y: Rehacer, aunque también puede realizarse en algunos programas con MAYUS+Ctrl+Z.
Ctrl+P: Imprimir.
Ctrl+S: Guardar archivo.
Ctrl+O: Abrir archivo.
Ctrl+F: Buscar texto, aunque en algunos programas como el Bloc de Notas, se convierte en Ctrl+B (en castellano).
Ctrl+A | Ctrl+E: Seleccionar todo. Dependiendo de los programas y las traducciones, será uno u otro.
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